El bruxismo en estudiantes de preuniversitario y su repercusión en el sistema estomatognático / Bruxism in pre-university students and its effects on the stomatognathic system

RESUMEN Introducción: el bruxismo es un hábito para funcional que se caracteriza por la acción incesante de rechinar y/o apretar los dientes de manera inadecuada, lo cual provoca alteraciones del sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del bruxismo en estudiantes del preuniversitario Isabel Rubio Díaz. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en jóvenes matriculados en el preuniversitario Isabel Rubio Díaz, municipio San Juan y Martínez, Pinar del Río, de septiembre de 2017 a junio de 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por 570 alumnos inscritos en el curso diurno de ese plantel escolar, de ambos sexos, cuyas edades estuvieran comprendidas en un rango entre 16 a 18 años cumplidos, seleccionándose de ellos 198 pacientes con características clínicas que los avalaron como bruxópatas. Se procesaron los datos manualmente y se presentaron en tablas estadísticas. Se utilizó estadística analítica para cada variable y la información fue expresada en frecuencias absoluta y relativa con el propósito de resumir la misma. Resultados: el mayor número de pacientes afectados correspondió al sexo femenino con predominio del grupo de 18 años. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentemente encontrados fueron la cefalea y las alteraciones dentarias. El factor de riesgo que estuvo más relacionado con esta enfermedad fue el estrés. Conclusiones: se describió el comportamiento del bruxismolo que posibilita proponer nuevas investigaciones sobre factores relacionados con el origen y prevención de dicha enfermedad para así lograr controlar sus riesgos y daños a la salud.

ABSTRACT Introduction: bruxism is a parafunctional habit characterized by the incessant action of grinding and/or clenching teeth inappropriately, which causes alterations in the stomatognathic system. Objective: to describe the behavior of bruxism in pre-university students belonging to the health area of San Juan y Martínez municipality. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on young people enrolled at Isabel Rubio Diaz pre-university, San Juan y Martínez municipality, Pinar del Río province, during September 2017 to June 2018. The target group consisted of 570 students of both sexes enrolled in the morning session of the institute, with ages between 16 and 18 years. Selecting students with the clinical characteristics as bruxism (n=198). Data were processed through analytical statistics for each variable and the information was expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. Results: the highest number of patients affected belonged to female sex, predominantly in the 18-year-old group. The most frequently signs and symptoms found were headache and dental alterations, being stress the most associated risk factor with this disorder. Conclusions: the behavior of bruxism was described, which made it possible to propose new research on factors related to the origin and prevention of this disorder in order to control its associated risks and the harm of health.

Técnica para redução do tônus e alongamento muscular passivo: efeitos na amplitude de movimento de crianças com paralisia cerebral espástica / Technique to reduce tonus and passive muscle stretching: effects on range of motion in children with spastic cerebral palsy

INTRODUÇÃO: A paralisia cerebral (PC) é resultante de lesão no encéfalo em fase de maturação, acarretando em disfunções motoras. A espasticidade, forma mais comum de acometimento, gera prejuízos funcionais intensificados pela diminuição da mobilidade. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos do alongamento passivo lento do músculo tríceps sural e de técnica para diminuir o tônus do conceito Bobath na amplitude de movimento (ADM) de dorsiflexão do tornozelo de crianças com PC espástica. MÉTODOS: Participaram 18 crianças atendidas no Hospital Estadual Mario Covas de Santo André e na Santa Casa de Diadema. O grau da hipertonia do músculo tríceps sural foi determinado pela Escala de Aswhorth Modificada e a ADM de dorsiflexão foi medida pela goniometria. Esses dois procedimentos foram realizados antes e após as seguintes situações: 1) aplicação de um protocolo de alongamento muscular passivo; 2) protocolo com uma técnica para diminuir o tônus do conceito Bobath; e 3) emprego associado dos dois protocolos. RESULTADOS: O grau de hipertonia não se modificou após o protocolo 1, porém os protocolos 2 e 3 diminuíram a espasticidade de maneira semelhante, conforme a Escala de Ashworth Modificada. Já o ângulo de dorsiflexão aumentou após aplicação dos três protocolos: 1 (p=0,176); 2 (p=0,008); e 3, com o aumento mais significativo (p=0,003). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica para redução do tônus mostrou efeito positivo na redução da espasticidade, segundo a Escala de Ashworth Modificada, e no aumento da ADM de crianças espásticas. A execução subsequente do alongamento muscular aumentou sua efetividade.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy (CP) is consequent of brain injury in the maturation phase, causing motor dysfunctions. The decreased mobility is intensified by spasticity, most common form of attack, generating functional impairment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of slow passive stretching of triceps sure muscle and technique for decreasing the tonus of Bobath concept on the range of motion (ROM) of ankle dorsiflexion in children with spastic CP. METHODS: 18 children seen at Hospital Estadual Mario Covas, in Santo André, and Santa Casa, in Diadema, participated in this study. The hypertonia rate of triceps sure muscle was determined by Modified Ashworth Scale and the ROM dorsiflexion by goniometer. Both procedures were realized before and after the following situations: 1) application of a passive muscle stretching protocol; 2) protocol with technique for decreasing the tonus of Bobath concept; and 3) use associated to two protocols. RESULTS: The hypertonia rate did not modify after protocol 1; however, protocols 2 and 3 decreased the spasticity similarly, according to Modified Ashworth Scale. The dorsiflexion angle increased after all protocols: protocol 1 (p=0.176); protocol 2 (p=0.008); and protocol 3, with the most significant increase of ROM (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The technique to reduce tonus shows positive effects on decreasing in hypertonia rate and increase of ROM in spastic children. The subsequent execution of muscle stretching increased its effectiveness.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 polymorphisms in Korean patients with Behcet's disease

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is expressed on vascular endothelial cells and its expression increases during the inflammatory response in patients with active Behcet's disease (BD). The ICAM1 gene mutations are associated with BD in Caucasians, but clinical features of the mutation phenotype are unknown. We analyzed ICAM1 polymorphisms in Korean BD patients to determine if there was an association between particular mutations and clinical symptoms. The prevalence of ICAM1R241G and ICAM1K469E polymorphisms was determined among 197 patients with BD and 248 healthy controls using BsrG1 and BstU1 PCR-RFLP. The frequency of both genotypes ICAM1469 * K/ * E and ICAM-1469 * E/ * E was significantly higher in BD patients compared with controls (66.0% vs 52.4%, p=0.004, OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.08-1.50) and the allele frequency of ICAM1469 * E was higher in patients with skin lesions (0.41), genital ulcers (0.41), vasculitis (0.43), ocular lesions (0.41) and arthritis (0.39) than in controls (0.31). Only one heterozygote, ICAM1241G/R, was detected in BD patients but the ICAM1241 * R mutation was not found in any of the 248 healthy controls. These results show that the ICAM1 mutation is associated with BD susceptibility, and is another genetic risk factor for BD among the Korean population.